Effects L-arginine on the gastric mucosal cell count when given with ibuprofen in albino rats under light microscope

To observe the protective effects of effects of L-Arginine on the gastric mucosal cells when given simultaneously with ibuprofen in albino rats under light microscope. A prospective experimental study. This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi from 01.04.2008 to 31.5.2008. This study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi where 45 albino rats of either sex between 90-120 days were selected and were divided into three groups, [A], [B] and [C], containing 15 animals each and were further subdivided into three sub-groups containing 5 animals, according to time of sacrifice, i.e. 4, 6, and 8 weeks respectively. Group [A] served as control. Group [B] received ibuprofen, 70 mg/kg body weight and group [C] received ibuprofen, 70mg and L-Arginine 300 mg, per kilogram body weight per day with feed. Animals were sacrificed at their respective time. The abdomen was opened, stomach was removed and opened along the greater curvature, divided into cardiac, body and pyloric parts, which in turn were fixed in Buffered neutral formalin for 24 hours. Tissues were processed in ascending strength of alcohol, cleared in xylene and infiltrated and embedded with paraffin. Five micron thick sections were made on the rotatory microtome and were stained with Haematoxylin and eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff Orange-G and Alcian blue-Periodic Acid Schiff. No abnormality was noted in gastric mucosal cell. Mean number of surface mucosal cells were decreased and results were moderately significant [P<0.001]. Mean height of surface mucous cell was increased and results were highly significant [P< 0.0001] in Bl, moderately significant [P<0.001] in B2, and significant [P< 0.05] in B3 subgroups. The mean values of mucus neck cells count was insignificant [P >0.05] when compared to control group. The mean values of chief cell count were decreased results were highly significant [P<0.0001] in Bl and B3 and significant [P< 0.05] in B2, The mean values of the parietal cells in the body were increased all these results were moderately significant [P<0.001] to highly significant [P<0.0001], when compared to control. No difference in results was noted when compared to group A. L-Arginine protects gastric mucosal cells from damage when given with ibuprofen

morphological study of the effects of X-rays on the melanocytes of the skin, under light microscope

To observe the effects of x-irradiation on the melanocytes of the skin under light microscope. A prospective experimental study. The study was carried out at Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi from 2008 to 2009. Thirty animals were taken and were divided in to two groups. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups containing five animals each according to the time of sacrifice i.e. 48 hours, 15[th] day and 45[th] day respectively. A single whole body x-irradiation in a dose of 5 Gy was given. Animals were sacrificed under ether anesthesia after completion of their respective periods. Tissues were processed and 4-5 micron thick paraffin embedded sections were cut and stained with Masson's Fontana stain. Insignificant [P>0.05] decrease in number of melanocytes was obtained when compared to control in group B1 animals. In group B2, increase in size and number of melanocytes was noted with long dendritic processes and large amount of melanin seen scattered between the layers of epidermis was present and results were moderately significant [P<0.01] in case of face and abdomen and significant [P<0.05] in case of back. In group B3 Size and number of melanocytes were also increased with large amount of melanin scattered between the layers of epidermis. The results obtained were highly significant [P<0.001] in case of face and moderately significant [P<0.01] in case of abdomen and back. X-irradiated skin of face, abdomen and back of the guinea pig depicted increased number and size of melanocytes with long dendritic processes and large amount of melanin scattered between the layers of epidermis

study of gross anatomical observations of stomach and changes in body weight of albino rats after simultaneous administration of Ibuprofen and L-Arginine

To observe the gross anatomical changes of the stomach and the changes in the body weight in albino rats after oral administration of ibuprofen and L-Arginine. A prospective experimental study. This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi from 01.04.2008 to 31.7.2008 For this study 45 albino rats of either sex between 90-120 days were taken and divided into three Groups, 'A', 'B' and 'C', containing 15 animals each, which were further sub-divided into three sub-groups containing 5 animals each according to the time of sacrifice, i.e. 4, 6, and 8 weeks respectively. Group 'A' served as control. Group 'B' received ibuprofen at the dose of 70 mg per kilogram body weight per day with feed and Group 'C' received ibuprofen at the dose of 70 mg per kilogram body weight per day with feed and L-Arginine300 mg per kilogram body weight per day with feed. Animals were weighed on Sartorius balance before and after their stipulated time period and then were fixed on a dissecting board, the abdomen was opened with a long midline incision and the stomach was removed and observed for gross anatomical changes. Stomach was then opened along the greater curvature with an incision extending from cardiac to the pyloric end. After removing the contents of the stomach the gastric mucosa was examined by dissecting microscope. The animals of Group 'A' were healthy and active. On gross examination no abnormality was detected. The animals of Group 'B' were weak, sluggish in activities. Their food intake was decreased when compared to control. The gross observation of the external surface of stomach was dull, slightly red and blood vessels were dilated in all subgroups. Under the dissecting microscope the mucosa was red, swollen and erosions were observed in all subgroups. There was a decrease in the final body weight of animals. In subgroup B1 it was moderately significant [P<0.01] and in case of B2 and B3 this decrease was significant [P<0.05] when compared to control. The animals in group C were looking healthy and active at the time of sacrifice. On gross examination of stomach, the surface appeared smooth, shiny and few blood vessels were observed. The mucosal surface was greyish in the cardiac part and pink in the body and pyloric part. Under the dissecting microscope, few blood vessels were observed. Present study concludes that the long term use of ibuprofen can cause gastric mucosal changes and decrease in body weight in albino rats. L-Arginine supplementation can ameliorate the changes

Effects of ibuprofen on gastric mucosa of albino rats and the protective role of L-arginine, a morphological study under light microscope

To observe the effects of Ibuprofen on the gastric mucosa of albino- -rats and the protective role of L-Arginine [if any] under light microscope A prospective experimental study. This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi from 0 1.04.2008 to 31.05.2008. This study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi where 45 albino rats of either sex between 90-120 days were selected and were divided into three groups, 'A', 'B' and 'C', containing 15 animals each and were further sub-divided into three sub-groups containing 5 animals, according to time of sacrifice, i.e. 4, 6, and 8 weeks respectively. Group 'A' served as control. Group 'B' received ibuprofen, 70 mg/kg body weight and group 'C' received ibuprofen, 70mg and L-Arginine 300 mg, per kilogram body weight per day with feed. Animals were sacrificed at their respective time. The abdomen was opened, stomach was removed and opened along the greater curvature, divided into cardiac, body and pyloric parts, which in turn were fixed in Buffered neutral formalin for 24 hours. Tissues were processed in ascending strength of alcohol, cleared in xylene and infiltrated and embedded with paraffin. Five micron thick sections were made on the rotatory microtome and were stained with Haematoxylin and eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff Orange-G and Alcian blue-Periodic Acid Schiff. Group A: No ulceration and erosion was found and no abnormality was noted in gastric mucosa Group B: With regards to ulcers and erosion the results were moderately significant [P<0.001] in B1 and B2 and highly significant [P< 0.0001] in B3 when compared to control. Mucosal thickness was decreased, in B1 results were moderately significant [P<0.001] and in B2, B3 results were highly significant [P<0.0001]. Group C: No difference in results was noted when compared to group A. The damaging effects of Ibuprofen on gastric mucosa are minimized when given with L-Arginine

Vitamin-E: anti-ulcer activity; beyond the antioxidant functions

To evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of vitamin-E on caecal ulcerogenicity of Diclofenac sodium in Albino rats. A prospective experimental study Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre Karachi during 2003. Diclofenac sodium and Vitamin-E were administered to Albino Rats separately and simultaneously at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight [for each drug] orally once daily for two weeks. These animals were sacrificed, Caeca were identified and removed, opened along mesenteric border and examined under dissecting microscope for dilatation of the blood vessels, blood streaks and hemorrhagic areas. The caeca were fixed in 10% formalin, Embedded in paraplast, 4 um thick sections were cut on rotary microtome, stained with Haematoxylin and eosin stains. The histomorphological Features of caecal mucosa were compared with those in the control animals and analyzed statistically. The study revealed that simultaneous use of vitamin-E administration with [NSAIDs] produced Anti-ulcer activity in caecal ulcers of albino Rats. The results suggest that vitamin-E produced anti-ulcer activity in Caecal ulcers of albino rats

morphometeric study of the effects of ibuprofen on the stomach of albino rats under light microscope

To observe the effects of ibuprofen on the stomach of the albino rats under light microscope and its morphometeric analysis. A prospective experimental study. This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi during 01.04.2008 to 31.05.2008. Thirty male adult albino rats were taken for the study and were divided into two groups containing 15 animals each. Each group was divided in to three sub groups according to the time of sacrifice i.e. 4,6 and 8 weeks. Group A served as control. Group B received ibuprofen at the dose of 70 mg per kilogram body weight per day orally with feed. After completion of respective period of treatment animals were sacrificed, abdomen was opened. The stomach was removed and opened along the greater curvature, divided into cardiac, body and pyloric parts and was fixed in Buffered neutral formalin for 24 hours. After that tissues were processed in ascending strength of alcohol, cleared in xylene and infiltrated and embedded with paraffin. Five micron thick sections were made on the rotatory microtome, were stained with Haematoxylin and eosin [for general morphology and morphometric study], and with Periodic Acid Schiff Orange-G [for the mucus content of the surface mucus cells and the mucus neck cells], randomly selected every seventh stained section, in three fields were studied. In stained sections of all parts of stomach the lining epithelium was disrupted, exfoliated, and ulcers and erosions were present. The erosive areas contained red blood cells and extended deep in to lamina propria. The results of mucosal thickness and the mean values of number of surface mucous cell count was moderately significant [P < 0.001] to highly significant [[P < 0.0001] in all parts of stomach when compared to control. The mucous content of the surface mucous cell in subgroups 'B'1, 'B'2 and 'B'3 of cardiac and pyloric parts were same marked [++++], while in body part of stomach it was moderate [+++] same as in control animals respectively. Based on present study, it is concluded that Ibuprofen induces gastric mucosal damage

Effects of L-arginine on fatty diet induced changes in adrenal cortex: a morphometric study

To study the effects of L-Arginine on high fat diet induced changes in adrenal cortex. A prospective experimental study. This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre Karachi from August 2008 to October 2008. Thirty male adult albino rats were taken for the study and were divided into three groups according to the dietary regimen. Group A received control diet. Group B received high fat diet with 20% added fat in the form of butter. Group C received high fat diet along with L-Arginine 300mg/kg/ day orally. After the end of the study period that is 8 weeks, animals were weighed and sacrificed. The adrenal glands were removed, fixed in buffered neutral formalin and after processing embedded in paraffin to form blocks. 4 micro m thick sections were cut and stained with H and E and Mallory's trichrome stains for morphometeric study. Highly significant increase in weight [P<0.001] was observed in animals of Group B and moderately significant [P<0.01] decrease was observed in Group c animals when compared to control and group B animals respectively. Cortical enlargement was found in zona glomerulosa and fasciculate and decreased thickness was observed in zona reticularis in group B animals, when compared to control, the results were highly significant [P<0.001]. In group C decreased cortical thickness was noted in zona glomerulosa and fasciculata but in zona Mallory's trichrome stained sections of Group B animals showed dilated blood vessels in the three cortical zones, more numerous in zona fasciculate when compared to control animals. In Group C no marked change was observed in all three cortical zones when compared to control. L-Arginine restricts the excessive weight gain caused by high fat diet. It also ameliorates the hypertrophic and vasodilatory effects on adrenal cortex caused by high fat diet

effects of x-rays on the hair follicles, blood vessels, collagen and elastic fibers, of the skin of guinea pigs and the role of vitamin C, a morphological study under light microscope

To observe the effects of x-rays on hair follicles, blood vessels and collagen and elastic fibers of the skin and role of vitamin C. A prospective experimental study. This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi from 2008 to 2009. Twenty seven animals were taken and were divided in to three groups. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups containing three animals each according to the time of sacrifice i.e. 48 hours, 15[th] day and 45 [th] day respectively. A single whole body x-irradiation in a dose of 5 Gy was given. Group C animals were also given injection of vitamin-C intraperitoneally in the dose of 1mg/G/day. Animals were sacrificed under either anaesthesia after completion of their respective periods. Tissues were processed and 4-5 micron thick paraffin embedded sections were cut and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin for morphology of hair follicles and blood vessels, Masson's trichrome for study of collagen and Van Geison for elastic fibers. Group A served as control. In Group 'B' hair follicles were reduced in size and number of cells per bulb was also reduced, blood vessels were dilated their endothelial cells were swollen lumen was narrow and vessel wall great extent in less than 15 days but there was no sign of improvement in elastic fibers. X-rays have hazardous effects on hair follicles, blood vessels and collagen fiber elastic fiber. Vitamin C minimizes these hazardous effects

role of vitamin 'C' on the thickness of the epidermis after x-irradiation of the guinea pigs a morphological study under light microscope

To study the role of vitamin 'C' on X-irradiated epidermis of Guinea pigs under light microscope. A prospective experimental study. This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi 2008 to 2009. Twenty seven animals were taken and were divided in to three groups. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups containing three animals each according to the time of sacrifice i.e. 48 hours, 15[th] day and 45[th] day respectively. A single whole body x-irradiation in a dose of 5 Gy was given. Group C animals were also given injection of vitamin-C intraperitoneally in the dose of 1mg/G/day. Animals were sacrificed under ether anaesthesia after completion of their respective periods. Tissues were processed and 4-5 micron thick paraffin embedded sections were cut and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin. Decrease in epidermal thickness was observed in Group B1 animals. Which is highly significant [P <0.001] when compared to control. Results of animals of Group B2, and B3 were non significant [P>0.05] when compared to control. Non significant results were obtained when Group C was compared to control group. X-irradiation damages the epidermis and vitamin 'C' minimizes the damaging effects

role of L- arginine in lithium induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats a morphological study

To observe the protective role of L-Arginine on kidney from toxic effects of Lithium carbonate in Albino rats. A prospective experimental study. The study was conducted at Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate centre Karachi from July 2007 to November 2007. Forty five adult albino rats of either sex were taken and were taken and divided into three groups as A, B and C which were further divided in to three subgroups according to the period of treatment they received i.e. two, four and six weeks respectively. Group [A] animals served as control and Group 'B' animals received Lithium carbonate [Neurolith, Adamjee Pharma], 20 mg/kg/day with feed. Group [C] animals received Lithium carbonate 20 mg/kg/day plus L-Arginine [Arginine, General Nutritional Corporation, Pittsburg USA] 300 mg/kg/day with feed. After completion of respective period of treatment, kidneys were removed and fixed in alcoholic formalin and 10% formalin, after processing were embedded in paraffin. 5p thick longitudinal sections were cut and stained with PAS-Haematoxylin and Gomori's calcium phosphate method for study of cell morphology. PAS-Haematoxylin stained sections of group [A] revealed normal renal cortical histology. Gomori's calcium phosphate method stained tissue revealed normal activity of alkaline phosphates. Group [B] revealed altered renal histology with damage to the proximal tubules on PAS-Haematoxylin stained sections. Gomori's calcium phosphate method stained sections revealed decreased activity of Alkaline phosphatase in proximal tubules. Group [C] revealed normal cortical architecture except very mild alteration to brush border in subgroup [C3]. Gomori's calcium phosphate method stained sections revealed normal activity of Alkaline phosphatase. The present study suggests that even in therapeutic dose lithium carbonate causes damage to the proximal tubules in albino rats and L-Arginine minimizes the toxic effects of lithium carbonate

effects of saturated and unsaturated fat diets on the histology of adrenocortical cells of albino rats - a comparative study

High fat diet stimulates Hypothalamic -pituitary- adrenal [HPA] axis activity and enhances the release of corticosteroids from adrenal gland which in turn contributes to metabolic syndrome by producing insulin resistance. Present study objectives are to compare the effects of two different types of fat that is saturated and polyunsaturated on the histology of adrenal gland with respect to its activity. Prospective experimental. Department of Anatomy BMSI, JPMC August - October: 2008 A total of 30 adult male albino rats weighing 200-240 gm, aged 190 days were divided into three groups. group 'A' received standard laboratory diet and group 'B' received high saturated fats in the form of unsalted butter as 20% added fat of the total calories. Group 'C' received high unsaturated fats in diet i.e. 20% fat added in the form of corn oil of the total calories. Each group was subdivided according to their time of sacrifice i.e. 4 and 8 weeks respectively. Animals were sacrificed at the end of their respective periods by ether anesthesia. Adrenal glands were dissected out, weighed and processed for paraffin embedding and sectioned at 41mm thickness to be stained with H and E, for cell count and cell diameter in the 3 cortical zones. Observations on adrenal gland weight /100gm of body weight of butter and corn oil treated groups revealed moderately significant decrease in weight in corn oil treated group at 4 weeks while there was insignificant difference at 8weeks when compared to butter treated group. There was insignificant difference in cell count in the three zones between butter and corn oil treated groups. Cell diameter in zona fasciculata was significantly increased in butter treated groups at 8 weeks when compared to corn oil treated group. Insignificant differences were found in most of the observation between the 2 fat groups. Insignificant difference in adrenal gland weight /100gm body weight between butter and corn oil treated groups at 8 weeks was because of less marked increase in body weight in corn oil treated group. Zona fasciculata showed increase cell size in butter treated group reflecting increased stress hormone release

X-ray induced changes in the epidermis of guinea pigs-a morphometeric study

Measurement of changes in the thickness of epidermis of different locations in guinea pigs after single dose X-ray irradjation. A prospective experimental study. Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi from 2008 to 2009. Thirty animals were taken and divided into two groups which were subdivided into three subgroups containing five animals each, according to the time of sacrifice i.e. 48 hours, 15[th] day and 45[th] day respectively. A single whole body x-radiation in a dose of 5 Gy. Animals were sacrificed under ether anaesthesia after completion of their respective period. Tissues were processed and 4 to 5 micron thick paraffin embedded sections were cut, and stained with H and E. Desquamation and decrease in thickness of epidermis was present after 48 hours which shows highly significant result when compared to control [P- < 0.001]. After wards progressively increase in hyperkeratinization was noted after 15 days which is nonsignificant [P- >0.05] when compared to control. After 45[th] day proliferation of basal cells occurred which increased the thickness of epidermis near to control. The study concludes that x-radiation produces deterministic epidermal changes in all three sites i.e. face, abdomen and back of guinea pigs

effectiveness of elastic rubber band ligation technique in cases of internal haemorrhoids

To study the effectiveness of the elastic rubber band ligation technique in cases of internal haemorrhoids. A prospective study. This study was conducted at Jinnah postgraduate medical center Karachi during 2007-2008. a total of 70 patients of varying degrees haemorrhoids of either sex were taken randomly. In 20 out of the 70 cases open Haemorrhoidectomy was performed by low ligation and excision [after due preparation of the patients] and in 50 cases elastic rubber band technique was performed. Tablet Bisacodyl 4-6 tablets stat were given to the patients at night before the procedure. No anesthesia was used. This procedure was performed in Left lateral position or in knee-elbow/jack-knife position. Patients with elastic rubber band ligation method were discharged at the same day [average stay was only for the procedure], with minimum complains, and post operative complications were found negligible [Pain 28, haemorrhage 6%, discomfort 14%]. In contrast average stay in the cases of Haemorrhoidectomy was 5- 26 days and complications ranged between pain and haemorrhage [95%], discharge [15%], retention of urine [10%] and faecal incontinence [15%]. No case of faecal incontinence and retention of urine was observed in cases of elastic rubber band ligation technique. Elastic rubber band ligation as an Out Patient procedure, is effective, economical easily performable, with minimum complications and is without hazards of anaesthesia